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Motorways can seem daunting for new drivers. Most learners don't venture onto motorways until after passing their driving test. At first glance, motorways may appear complex and intimidating, but you might be surprised to learn they are among the safest roads to drive on. In fact, many people find motorway driving easier than navigating other types of roads.

So, why are motorways only accessible to learners when accompanied by a driving instructor?

The answer lies in the sustained high speeds required. Small mistakes can have serious consequences, making motorways unsuitable for learning the basics of driving. High speeds reduce reaction times, so it's crucial to frequently check your mirrors and look further ahead to anticipate adjustments. However, once you're confident in your driving, motorways can actually be quite straightforward. Vehicles travel in the same direction on each side of the central reservation, generally at similar speeds.

If you're feeling unsure about motorway driving, consider additional training, such as a Pass Plus course, or practising defensive driving skills.

Here’s everything you need to know about motorway driving:

Joining the Motorway

Motorways are accessed via slip roads, which provide the opportunity to build up speed and merge safely with motorway traffic. Never stop or reverse on a slip road. While you should give priority to vehicles already on the motorway, other drivers often move over to allow new traffic to merge.

In some cases, slip roads transition seamlessly into the motorway’s left-hand lane. If this happens, simply increase your speed to match the flow of traffic—there’s no need to change lanes.

Using Motorway Lanes

The key to motorway driving is understanding lane usage. A common frustration among experienced drivers is “middle-lane hogging.” Remember: the middle and right lanes are for overtaking.

When overtaking, check your mirrors, use your indicators, and check your blind spot by glancing over your shoulder. Once you've overtaken, return to the left-hand lane. Stick to the speed limit and watch for slower vehicles, such as lorries or cars with trailers, in the left lane. If necessary, overtake these vehicles using the middle or right lanes.

Keep an eye on motorway signs and lane markings, as your lane may merge into an exit road. Pay attention to signs to ensure you remain on the correct route.

Highway Code Essentials

Certain rules distinguish motorways from other roads. For instance, walking, picking up, or dropping off passengers on motorways is illegal unless in an emergency. This is to ensure the safety of all road users.

Motorway Signs and Symbols

Motorway signs have blue backgrounds and appear on approach to motorways and frequently along the carriageway. Tourist destinations are marked with brown backgrounds, while junction numbers are displayed in white on black backgrounds.

Amber flashing lights indicate a hazard ahead, such as an accident or poor visibility. A red "X" above a lane means it is closed, and you must not use it.

Lane markings are clear and consistent. Broken white lines indicate lanes that can be crossed, while solid white lines, often used to mark the hard shoulder, should not be crossed.

During roadworks, a contraflow system may direct traffic onto the opposite carriageway. Follow all signage carefully in such situations.

The Hard Shoulder

You should only stop on the hard shoulder in an emergency. Stopping here is highly dangerous, as passing traffic moves at high speeds. If you must stop, exit your vehicle and wait in a safe location away from the road. Use emergency phones located at regular intervals along the hard shoulder to call for assistance.

Exiting Motorways

To leave the motorway or switch to another, use junctions. Before setting off, know the junction number you’ll need. As you approach your exit, move into the left-hand lane well in advance. Countdown markers (blue signs with decreasing numbers of white slanted rectangles) appear at 300, 200, and 100 yards before the exit.

If you miss your exit, do not attempt to reverse or turn around. Instead, continue to the next junction and rejoin the motorway in the correct direction.

Speed Limits

The national speed limit for motorways is 70 mph, but this may vary depending on conditions. Temporary speed limits are often implemented in response to hazards or congestion and are displayed on overhead gantries.

Smart Motorways

Smart motorways use technology to manage traffic and reduce congestion. Gantry signs display speed limits and indicate when the hard shoulder is open as an additional lane under an “all-lane running” policy.

In emergencies on smart motorways, use designated emergency refuge areas, which are spaced at regular intervals. These motorways are also monitored by extensive CCTV coverage to enhance safety.

FAQs About Motorway Driving

What is a smart motorway?

A smart motorway is a section of motorway that uses technology to manage traffic flow and reduce congestion. Overhead gantry signs provide real-time updates on speed limits and lane closures.

Where are amber reflective studs found on motorways?

Amber reflective studs are located between the right-hand lane and the central reservation to help prevent drifting into the central barrier.

How do smart motorways reduce traffic congestion?

Smart motorways detect traffic bunching and adjust speed limits to keep vehicles moving smoothly. They may also open the hard shoulder as an additional lane when needed.

Can learners drive on motorways?

Since 2018, learners can drive on motorways, but only under the supervision of an approved driving instructor in a car with dual controls and visible L-plates. Friends or family members cannot supervise learners on motorways.

When should you use the left-hand lane of a motorway?

The left-hand lane should be used as the default lane when the road ahead is clear. Use the middle or right lanes only for overtaking, and return to the left lane once you've passed slower vehicles.

For extra confidence, why not book a Motorway Driving Course with Leo Driving School? Our experienced instructors will guide you through safe and effective motorway driving techniques.